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Richmond is the capital city of the United States' Commonwealth of Virginia. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was founded in 1742 and has been a self-governing city since 1871. The city's population was 204,214 according to the 2010 census; in 2019, the population was expected to be 230,436, making Richmond the fourth-most populated city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029 people, making it the state's third-most populated metro area.

Richmond is located 44 miles (71 kilometers) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 kilometers) east of Charlottesville, 91 miles (146 kilometers) east of Lynchburg, and 92 miles (148 kilometers) south of Washington, D.C. The city is surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties and is located at the crossroads of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, as well as Interstate 295, Virginia State Route 150, and Virginia State Route 288. Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west, and Mechanicsville to the northeast are the major suburbs.

Richmond had been an important Powhatan Confederacy settlement, and it was temporarily occupied by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. Richmond, as it is known now, was founded in 1737. In 1780, it replaced Williamsburg as the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia. Several important events happened in the city during the Revolutionary War period, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech at St. John's Church in 1775, and the enactment of Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the Confederacy's capital. It entered the twentieth century with one of the earliest successful electric streetcar networks in the world. The Jackson Ward area has long been a center of African-American business and culture.

Richmond's economy is largely driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and municipal government institutions, as well as prominent legal and financial businesses, located in downtown Richmond. The city is home to a United States Court of Appeals, one of 13 such courts, as well as a Federal Reserve Bank, one of 12 such institutions. Fortune 500 firms Dominion Energy and WestRock are based in the city, with others in the surrounding metropolitan region.