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Salerno is a historic city and comune in Campania, southwestern Italy, that serves as the capital of the province of the same name. It is situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea's Gulf of Salerno. The city is separated into three distinct zones: the medieval sector, the nineteenth-century sector, and the more densely inhabited post-war section, which includes numerous apartment buildings.

Human settlement in Salerno dates back to prehistoric times and has a rich and colorful history. The location has historically been one of the most significant and strategic ports on the Mediterranean Sea, producing a rich Greco-Roman legacy. In the early Middle Ages, it was an autonomous Lombard principality known as the Principality of Salerno. During this period, the Schola Medica Salernitana, the world's first medical school, was established. 

In recent history, the city housed Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, who relocated from Rome in 1943 when Italy negotiated a peace treaty with the Allies, making Salerno the capital of the "Government of the South" (Regno del Sud) and thus interim government seat for six months. Some of the Allied landings during Operation Avalanche (the Italian invasion) took place near Salerno. Salerno is now a significant cultural and commercial center in Campania and Italy. Saint Matthew, the Apostle, is a patron saint of Salerno, and his remains are housed in the basement of Salerno Cathedral.

Some places of interest

Trieste Lungomare (Trieste Seafront Promenade). This promenade was built from the shore in the 1950s and is one of the greatest in Italy, comparable to (and imitated by) those on the French Riviera. It stretches for approximately five miles (8.0 km) and is home to several unique palms.

Castello di Arechi ("Arechis' Castle") is a huge castle perched on a 300 m (984.25 ft) hill overlooking the city. Arechis II expanded it over a pre-existing Roman-Byzantine structure. It now serves as a venue for exhibits and conferences. Views of the city and the Gulf of Salerno may be had from the Castle.

Salerno's historic center. The "Historical Downtown of Salerno" is widely regarded as one of the best preserved on the Italian peninsula. Its "Via dei mercanti" (Merchant street) is still one of the city's principal retail routes today. Its focal point is the Duomo.

Minerva's Garden (Giardino della Minerva). "Minerva's Garden" is located on the outskirts of the castle hill, which dominates the ancient town of Salerno. It contains the medieval "Hortus sanitatis" (Health garden) of the Schola Medica Salernitana, which was Europe's first "orto botanico" (botanical garden).

The Mercatello Park. The "Park of Mercatello (Little Market)" is located in the city's eastern outskirts. It was built in 1998 and is one of the largest in Italy, covering around twenty acres.

Forte La Carnale is a fortification in Italy. The "La Carnale Castle," which is part of a sports complex, was named after a medieval fight against the Arabs (with pool, tennis courts and hockey). It is currently utilized as a cultural center for expositions and gatherings.

Verdi's teatro The Salerno Theater ("Teatro Verdi") was built in 1872 and is adorned with Gaetano D'Agostino's paintings. The theater was severely damaged in the 1980 earthquake and was restored in 1994 as part of the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of "Salerno Capital of Italy."