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Moncton is the most populous city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Moncton, located in the Petitcodiac River Valley, is the geographic center of the Maritime Provinces. Because of its central inland position and history as a railway and land transportation center for the Maritimes, the city has acquired the moniker "Hub City."

The city proper has a population of 71,889 people and a land area of 142 square kilometers (55 sq mi). Greater Moncton has a population of 144,810 people, making it New Brunswick's biggest city and census metropolitan area (CMA), and the Maritime Provinces' second-largest city and CMA. The CMA encompasses the nearby cities of Dieppe and Riverview, as well as surrounding suburban regions in Westmorland and Albert counties.

Despite the fact that the Moncton area was originally occupied in 1733, Moncton was formally formed in 1766 with the arrival of Pennsylvania German immigrants from Philadelphia. Moncton, which began as an agricultural town, was not established until 1855. Lt. Col. Robert Monckton, the British commander who seized neighboring Fort Beauséjour a century before, was honored with the city's name. By the mid-1840s, the town had built a substantial wooden shipbuilding sector, enabling for city incorporation in 1855. However, as the shipbuilding industry failed in the 1860s, the town lost its city charter in 1862. Moncton regained its charter in 1875 when the community's economy recovered, thanks mostly to the growth of the railway sector. Moncton was chosen as the headquarters of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada in 1871, and it remained a railway town for well over a century until the closing of the Canadian National Railway (CNR) locomotive works in the late 1980s.

Despite the fact that Moncton's economy was traumatized twice—once by the collapse of the shipbuilding sector in the 1860s and again by the closing of the CNR locomotive factories in the 1980s—the city was able to rebound well on both occasions. After its revival as a railway town, the city chose the slogan Resurgo (Latin for "I rise again"). The city's economy is solid and diverse, owing largely to its historic transportation, distribution, retailing, and commercial background, but also to strength in the educational, health care, financial, information technology, and insurance sectors. The strength of the Moncton economy has been recognized nationally, and the local unemployment rate is consistently lower than the national average.