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Roskilde is the largest city in the municipality of the same name. With a population of 51,793 (as of 1 January 2021), the city is a regional economic and educational hub, as well as Denmark's tenth biggest city. The administrative council of Roskilde Municipality governs it.

Roskilde has a lengthy history that dates back to the Viking Age before Christianity. Its UNESCO-listed Gothic cathedral, which currently houses 39 Danish monarchs' tombs, was built in 1275 and served as a center of ecclesiastical influence until the Reformation. Roskilde became a major center for commerce with Copenhagen with the construction of the rail network in the nineteenth century, and by the end of the century, there were tobacco manufacturers, iron foundries, and machine shops. BEC (Bankernes EDB Central) and DLF, a seed company, are two of the major private sector employment today. The Ris research facility is also becoming a major employment, expanding interest in renewable energy into the realm of clean technology. Educational institutions of importance include the local university, which was created in 1972, the ancient Cathedral School, and the Danish Meat Trade College, which was founded in 1964. Roskilde features a big community hospital that has been enlarged and upgraded since its inception in 1855. It is currently becoming more involved in research. The Sankt Hans mental hospital provides forensic psychiatry services to the Capital Region.

More than 100,000 people visit the cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum each year, which houses the well-preserved remnants of five 11th-century ships. Roskilde is popular with shopping due to its two centrally situated pedestrian streets, which are filled with restaurants, cafés, and a variety of stores, in addition to its globally renowned tourist attractions and its annual rock festival. The city is home to the FC Roskilde football team, which competes in Denmark's first division, the Roskilde Vikings RK rugby club, and the Roskilde Roklub rowing club. The city profited from the establishment of the university and the building of the Holbk Motorway, which connected it to Copenhagen, in the 1970s. Roskilde is Denmark's oldest functioning railway station, with links across Zealand as well as Falster, Lolland, and Jutland. The local airport first opened its doors in 1973, primarily servicing small aircraft for business and flying education.

Absalon, the bishop who founded Copenhagen in the 12th century, L. A. Ring, the symbolist painter who rose to prominence in the 1880s, writer Lise Nrgaard, who created the popular Danish TV series Matador in 1978, and rower Thomas Ebert, who won an Olympic gold medal in 2004 are among the city's notable citizens.